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Музланова Е.С. ЕГЭ-2023: Английский язык: 30 тренировочных вариантов экзаменационных работ для подготовки к единому государственному экзамену. — Москва: Издательство "ACT", 2022. — 407с. Материалы публикуются в учебных целях

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Понимание структурно-смысловых связей в тексте

Hogmanay is a Scottish holiday that celebrates the New Year. Observed on December 31, festivities typically spill over into the first couple of days of January. In fact, there’s a tradition known as ‘first-footing’, A ______. Of course, the guest must be dark-haired and preferably male. Redheads and women aren’t nearly as lucky! This tradition stems from the time when a red- or blonde-haired stranger was probably an invading Norseman. Gifts are given to guests, and one of the popular food items on the Hogmanay menu is the black bun, B ______.

In addition to national observance, many local areas have their own customs C ______. In the town of Burghead, Moray, an ancient tradition called ‘burning the clavie’ takes place each year on January, 11. The clavie is a big bonfire, fuelled primarily by split casks. One of these is joined back together with a big nail, filled with flammable material, and lit on fire. Flaming, it’s carried around the village and up to a Roman altar known to residents as the Douro. The bonfire is built around the clavie. When the burnt clavie crumbles, D ______.

In Stonehaven, Kincardineshire, the locals make giant balls of tar, paper and chicken wire. These are attached to several feet of chain or wire, and then set on fire. A designated ‘swinger’ whirls the ball around his head and walks through the village streets to the local harbour. At the end of the festival, any balls still on fire are cast into the water, E ______!

The town of Biggar, Lanarkshire, celebrates with a big holiday bonfire. In the early 1940s, one or two locals complained about the size of the fire, and celebration organizers agreed to have a smaller fire. This was erected as promised, but before it was lit, the local traditionalists trucked in cartload after cartload of coal and wood, making a giant pyre, F______!

The Presbyterian church disapproved of Hogmanay in the past, but the holiday still enjoys a great deal of popularity.

  1. where they are able to follow national traditions
  2. the locals each grab a lit piece to kindle a fire in their own hearth
  3. which then burned for a whopping five days before running out of fuel
  4. which is quite an impressive sight in the dark
  5. when it comes to celebrating Hogmanay
  6. in which the first person to cross a home’s threshold brings the residents good luck for the coming year
  7. which is a really rich fruitcake